PRODUCTOS
ACERCA DE
Sensores de flujo térmico
In thermal analysis, heat flux represents the amount of heat conducted or radiated per unit area per unit time across a surface.
A heat flux sensor is also known as heat flux transducer that generates an electrical signal proportional to the total heat rate applied to the surface of the sensor. The measured heat rate is divided by the surface area of the sensor to determine the heat flux. Heat flux sensor gives linear output up to 10 mV with infinite resolution, when exposed to heat source. The face of the heat flux sensor will cover a 180° field of view angle.
About Heat Flux Sensors
Especificaciones técnicas
Standard Available Ranges
- Gardon Gage: 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100, 200, 250 W/cm² & other custom ranges available on request upto 800 W/cm²
- Schmidt-Boelter Gauge: 1, 2.5, 5 W/cm² & other custom ranges available on request
Performance Characteristics
- Sensor output: Linear output, 10 mV at full range
- Over Range: 25% de flujo de calor nominal
- Sensitivity: ±25% of rated heat flux
- Maximum Allowable Operating Body Temperature: up to 200 °C
- Maximum non-linearity: ±2%
- Accuracy: ±5% o mejor
- Sensor Coating: Absorptance: 0.92
- Response Constant: Gardon gauge < 100 ms, Schmidt-Boelter Gauge < 250 ms
Technical Components
- Standard Wire Length: 2 meter or specified
- Wire Material: Tin-plated copper, Teflon insulation over each wire, Teflon jacket overall
- Heat Capacity of Uncooled Sensor: Energy that can be absorbed by heat flux transducer before exceeding the 200 °C maximum body temperature
Product Types
Gardon Gauge Technology
Gardon heat flux sensors were invented by Robert Gardon, using the circular foil heat flux sensor structure. These measure the temperature difference between the centre and circumference of a circular foil disc. This sensor generates a voltage, which is proportional to the absorber heat flux.
Aplicaciones: Heat flow study in wind tunnels, engines, and flame radiation.
Operating Range: The Gardon heat flow sensor general heat flow range is at least 5 W/cm² and up to 5000 W/cm².
Key Advantage: The sensitivity of the Gardon heat flow sensor has nothing to do with the sensor temperature, enabling use in a wide temperature range. Water cooling is recommended for long-term use to increase sensor life.
Schmidt-Boelter Gauge Technology
Schmidt designed the first instrument making use of his observation, then Boelter introduced an ingenious modification to Schmidt’s design to form a silver-constantan thermopile. The principle of operation involves measuring temperature difference using a series par termoeléctrico (thermopile) technique.
Operating Principle: This gauge generates an output signal directly proportional to the heat flux incident upon the sensing surface. The steady-state output signal is generated by the transducer using temperature drop across a material of known thermal and physical properties.
Operating Range: The Schmidt-Boelter thermopile heat flow sensor general heat flow range is at least 1 W/cm² and up to 5 W/cm².
Heat Flux Calculation:
Measured heat flux (W/cm²) = output voltage of sensor (mV) × Sensitivity (W/cm²/mV)
Note: Each sensor includes a calibration certificate issued by the manufacturer with sensitivity specifications.
Características del producto
Core Features
- Salida lineal
- Output Proportional to Heat Transfer Rate
- Accurate, robust and reliable sensor
- Uncooled & Water-cooled configuration
- The OFHC copper body ensures long life and signal stability.
- Easy to install (via flange)
- Mounting options available
- Measure Total Heat Flux (Convection + Radiation)
- Measure Radiation only (with window configuration)
Water-Cooled Series Advantages
- Continuous cooling capability to maintain sensor temperature below 200°C
- Long-term measurement without exposure time limit
- Linear signal output unaffected by temperature
- High measurement accuracy better than 5%
Standard Configurations
The basic heat flux sensor can be specified with certain mounting configurations and with or without provision for water cooling.
- Smooth body with flange (Standard configuration)
- Threaded body with flange
- Smooth body without flange
- Threaded body without flange
All mounting flanges are 43-45 mm diameter with equally spaced three holes for mounting.
Industrial Applications
Gardon Gauge Applications (5-5000 W/cm²)
High Heat Flux Measurements:
- Rocket and jet engine power output
- Engine and engine heat loss measurement
- Combustion chamber heat flow measurement
- Measurement of radiant heat flow (laser, explosion, etc.) of high-temperature heat sources
- Wind tunnel heat flow research
- Flame radiation heat research
- Ground and flight aerospace testing
- Fire, combustion, and performance evaluations of protective equipment
- Heat flow of blast furnace and boiler, power output of boiler and combustion chamber
- Process control (glass manufacturing, flame, furnace, etc.)
Schmidt-Boelter Gauge Applications (1-5 W/cm²)
Lower Heat Flux Measurements:
- HVAC Systems
- Energy conservation and management in buildings
- Automotive thermal management
- Battery thermal analysis
- Thermal insulation and building envelope performance
- Quality control in manufacturing and materials testing
- Biomedical research and medical device development
- Fire testing
- Heat flux standards for flammability testing
- Standardization of medium-temperature heat sources
Common Applications (Both Sensor Types)
- Aviation and Space Science
- Process monitoring and control
- Research and development testing
- Thermal performance evaluation
Calibration Process
Calibration Setup
The experimental apparatus consists of a heat flux sensor, data acquisition unit, and PC. Calibrador de temperatura determined by the incident heat flux and the sensor’s measured output or reaction.
Procedimiento de calibración
- Heat source (blackbody furnace) is heated to generate radiation from cavity graphite strip at very high temperature
- Test and master heat flux sensors placed at equal distances from the graphite strip
- Furnace voltage manually controlled until 10 millivolt output achieved in standard heat flux sensor
- Test sensor output values expressed in millivolts
- Linear regression analysis performed for heat flux and sensor output to provides responsivity/sensitivity in (W/cm²)/mV
- Calibration data plotted to check accuracy of test gauge
Calibration Results
A test heat flux sensor of 30 watt/cm² calibrated using this setup achieved responsivity of 0.315, with accuracy within 5%.
Window Options: for radiative heat measure only (radiometer)
- ZnSe: Used for wide transmission range
- Sapphire (Al₂O₃): Messt commonly used for chemical resistance and hardness
Manufacturing & Support
We are manufacturers of heat flux sensors with customization capabilities according to your requirements.
Technical Support: For questions related to heat flux sensors, contact: [email protected], +91 8078605472
PREGUNTAS FRECUENTES
Preguntas frecuentes
Find answers to frequently asked questions related to Heat Flux Sensors.
Heat: The energy movement from warmer to cooler objects through conduction, convection, or radiation.
Flux: the flow rate of energy passing through a given surface area.
heat flux: Thermal energy transfer rate per unit area over time, expressed in W/cm², W/m², or kW/m².
Heat flow refers to total thermal energy exchange between systems, while heat flux measures energy transfer rate per unit area.
Sensor options – Gardon Gauge or Schmidt-Boelter: Choose Gardon Gauge for high heat flux range (5-5000 W/cm²). Select Schmidt-Boelter for lower heat flux ranges (1-5 W/cm²).
Cooling options: Water cooling is recommended for measurements above 5 W/cm² lasting more than 5 minutes, or when sensor body temperature may exceed 200°C.
Uncooled sensors are suitable for brief measurements or lower heat flux levels. Water-cooled versions enable continuous operation at higher heat flux levels without time limits.
Our sensors provide ±3% to ±5% accuracy depending on the model, with repeatability of 2%.
All sensors provide 10mV linear output at full scale range with infinite resolution, requiring no external power supply.
Standard sensors measure total heat flux (radiation + convection). Radiometer versions with windows measure radiation only.
It depends on usage conditions. We recommend annual calibration for critical applications or after exposure to extreme conditions.
All sensors include manufacturer calibration certificates. ISO standard calibrations are available upon request.
